The Combination of Domestic Abuse and Alcohol

The Combination of Domestic Abuse and Alcohol Relationships Violence and Abuse Print The Combination of Domestic Abuse and Alcohol By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 21, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on November 21, 2019 Mixmike / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Statistics seem to indicate a connection between alcohol and drug abuse and domestic violence, but some researchers question the cause-and-effect relationship. Studies of domestic violence frequently document high rates of alcohol and another drug  (AOD) involvement, and AOD use is known to impair judgment, reduce inhibition, and increase aggression. Alcoholism and child abuse, including incest, seem also to be connected. High Rate of Alcohol Use On the surface, it seems hard to argue with the numbers reported in domestic violence research studies. According to the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, the Bureau of Justice Statistics shows that two-thirds of victims of spousal violence report that the perpetrator had been drinking. In a global study of intimate partner violence, the odds  were higher worldwide in relationships where one or both partners had problems with alcohol, compared to relationships where neither of them did. No Cause-and-Effect Relationship? But those who study the dynamics of domestic abuse say there is no real research to indicate that alcoholism and drug abuse causes domestic violence. Although research indicates that among men who drink heavily, there is a higher rate of assaults resulting in injury, the majority of men classified as high-level drinkers do not abuse their partners. Also, many of the physically abusive incidents occur in the absence of alcohol use. An Overlap in Social Problems According to the Womens Rural Advocacy Program, no evidence supports a cause-and-effect relationship between the two problems. The relatively high incidence of alcohol abuse among men who batter must be viewed as the overlap of two separate social problems, it claims. According to The Safety Zone, there is no evidence to suggest that alcohol use or dependence is linked to the other forms of coercive behaviors that are part of the pattern of domestic violence. Economic control, sexual violence, and intimidation, for example, are often part of a batterers ongoing pattern of abuse, with little or no identifiable connection to his use of or dependence on alcohol. Battering Is Learned Behavior Battering is a socially learned behavior, and is not the result of substance abuse or mental illness, advocacy groups claim. Men who batter frequently use alcohol abuse as an excuse for their violence. They attempt to rid themselves of responsibility for the problem by blaming it on the effects of alcohol, they say. Alcohol does not and cannot make a man abuse a woman, but it is frequently used as an excuse. Many men drink and do not abuse anyone as a result. On the other hand, many men abuse women when they are sober. It can be easier for some men and for some women to believe that the violence would not have happened if a drink had not been taken. Denial and Minimization Its part of the denial process. Alcoholism and battering do share some similar characteristics. Both may be passed from generation to generation, both involve denial or minimization of the problem, both involve isolation of the family. So, why do batterers do it? How can you tell if you are at risk? If you are in an abusive relationship, what can you do? Stressors That Can Play a Role in Domestic Violence Attacks

Managing Employees Incentives And Rewards - 1095 Words

c. Managing Employees’ Incentives and Rewards Since pay honest vigorously impact enlistment, turnover, and representative efficiency, it is critical that candidates and workers see these practices in an ideal light. In the accompanying segment, we talk about how individuals structure discernments around an association s remuneration framework and how these observations at last influence their conduct. One would expect that a singular s fulfillment with his or her remuneration would just be a component of the measure of pay got: the higher the pay rate, the more prominent the fulfillment. On the other hand, as the general rule things are not that straightforward. Indeed, the measure of pay is less essential than its apparent reasonableness or value. To put this finding in context, consider the conduct of numerous expert competitors while arranging another contract. Since value is such an essential concern, people in charge of adding to a company s remuneration framework need to see how the view of value is shaped. Value hypothesis, figured by J. Stacy Adams, endeavors to give such a comprehension. The hypothesis expresses that individuals structure value convictions taking into account two components: inputs and results. Inputs (I) allude to the recognitions that individuals have concerning what they add to the occupation (e.g., expertise and exertion). Results (O) allude to the recognitions that individuals have with respect to the profits they get (e.g., pay) for theShow MoreRelatedEssay Function of a Manager1381 Words   |  6 Pagestheir prior managers and bosses, their educational background, the number of employees they are managing, current events, government restrictions, and their level or position within the company. In different companies, the managers functions differ, but some of the most common include coaching, delegation, leading, managing work, planning, and motivating. Motivation is clearly a way to enhance the performance of employees and boost the morale of the company. When morale decreases for any reason,Read MoreChapter 10 Case 2778 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Team-Based Incentives: Not Your Usual Office Wilfredo Gonzalez University of the Incarnate Word Abstract Done-Deal Paper, Inc. operates throughout central Pennsylvania with offices in Scranton, Harrisburg, and Altoona. Providing paper and paper needs to most of Central Pennsylvania, Done-Deal is one of the top two competitors in the area. 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The main function of the HRM team includes: †¢ recruiting people †¢ training them †¢ performance appraisals †¢ motivating employees †¢ work place communications †¢ work place safety Rewards are the greatest systemRead MoreEssay on Proposal on a Compensation and Benefits Plan770 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization and economy downturn are forcing companies’ to structure their benefit programs differently. Before some companies had a wide array of compensation for employees, but that has changed and these companies had to find ways to cut cost of benefits offer to new employees and find new programs to retain their current employees. Companies are basing their compensation and benefits programs on the economy decline and are attempting to contain staff sizes, payrolls, and benefits costs. On theRead MoreThe Motivation Of Human Resource Professionals947 Words   |  4 Pagestopic that has been studied and written about in countless books, journals and other publications. In order to get the best productivity out of any workforce as well as assist employees in achieving personal goals and potential, it is paramount that Human Resource professionals have a basic understanding of what motivates employees. The Hertzberg Motivation Theory Frederick Herzberg first published his motivational theory in his book, The Motivation to Work which was authored in 1959. His theory focus’sRead MoreEssay about Case Study 3936 Words   |  4 PagesLowest-Level Employees Are Not Left Behind According to the case study, managers are undoubtedly conscious of the convincing indication that authorizes that companies stand to increase when they distribute their profits with personnel. Furthermore, the article demonstrates how managers are mindful of the disagreement that to interest favorably experienced workers, companies must offer bonuses like higher salaries and stock options. This study detonates the misunderstanding that fiscal incentives functionRead MoreAldi : The Largest Retailing Companies All Over The World1662 Words   |  7 Pagesin two categories explicit or tacit knowledge. Managing the knowledge management is very crucial in this competitive market for the companies. The key knowledge areas for the Aldi are people, artifacts and organizational entities. Aldi is a worldwide company and have over 300 stores and has thousands of employees as well. The coordination among all the employees is very vital between different knowledge areas. Aldi makes sure that there employees are achieving their best. Aldi is having their storesRead MoreEmployee Motivation, Recognition, and Rewards1049 Words   |  5 PagesRecognition, and Rewards u06a1 Adriane L Thompson athompson74@capellauniversity.edu BUS 3004 Developing a Business Perspective February 20, 2011 Introduction This paper will address why employee motivation, recognition and rewards keeps employees working effectively and efficiently. Employee motivation is very important to a company’s production and quality of work, It is important for management and companies to recognize employees’ hard work and have an incentive program to show

E.E. Cummings Poem I Carry your Heart with Me - 1225 Words

E.E Cummings’ poem â€Å" i carry your heart with me(i carry it in)† show’s exactly what people truly feel, it’s as if he yanked someones feelings straight from their heart and put them on paper. This poem is the best explanation of true love, that there is. He says, that this woman is his love, he will love her forever, and no matter how far she may be from him, she will still be in his heart. Nothing could ever make his feelings for her fade away. When someone really truly loves someone, nothing could make them stop loving that person. They will always have a special place in each others hearts. Cummings starts out saying in the first stanza that she is in his heart, then in the second stanza it grows into her being his world, nothing†¦show more content†¦Cummings’ work was definitely original. His work was considered to be avant-garde, because he experimented with his work, and his spelling, punctuation, and grammar was so out of the ordinary(http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/156). He often put words together to create his own words, or used words that were almost completely forgotten. Cummings’ didn’t care whether you liked it or not either, he would say that you don’t need to enjoy the poem, or play or whatever it may be, but instead you should let it enjoy you(http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/e-e-cummings). The fact that he was writing in avant-garde made it possible to create a more interesting, off the wall poem, like he strived for in all of his writings. This poem is written in ABAB CDCD EFEF GG also known as the english sonnet rhyme scheme. Writing this poem as a sonnet was very smart because it is a poem about love. I think writing poems about unending love makes a great sonnet. The first stanza starts out just simply him carrying her heart in his heart, turning into then, in the third stanza, it being such a sacred secret that it keeps the stars apart. Which then ends the entire thing sweetly back to the start with, â€Å"i carry your heart with me(i carry it in my heart).†(14). These transitions from sweet, to intense, back to sweet show how meaningful his love for her is, and how flexible it is. This poem seemsShow MoreRelatedThe Unique Writing Styles of E.E. Cummings626 Words   |  3 PagesUnique Writing Styles of E.E. Cummings Edward Estlin Cummings was born on October 14, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. E.E. Cummings is most noted for his distinct lack of stylistic and structural conformity and was generally self-published for much of his career; it was only in the 1940s and 1950s that his writing became more popular. Cumming’s unique writing style is precise and uses key words to describe parts of his poems. These words are often times words that Cumming’s made up or made from combiningRead MoreE.E Cumming Poem Analysis1119 Words   |  5 PagesI carry your heart with me The poem I have chosen to interpret is called â€Å"I carry your heart with me†, written by E.E Cummings. I chose this one for several reasons. First of all, I must admit that I really like talking about love and deep feelings. Then, after reading this particular poem, I was reminded of another one of Cumming’s ardent: Unless you love someone, nothing else makes sense.†I realize that the author is saying something that I have already faced: someone you loved. The poemRead MoreShared Power Is More Powerful . When Two People Are In1886 Words   |  8 Pagesis a basic component of any relationship. Think about the relationships in your own life. When you were a child, who had the power in the parent-child relationship? At your work when you interact with your boss, who has the power? If you are now a parent, who has the power in your relationship with your children? We’ve all been students at one time or another: As a student who had the power in your relationship with your teacher/professor? Love relationships do not escape this dynamic. Lovers can

The Peculiarities of Translation of the Advertising Text Free Essays

Introduction The main task of the translator – to use all knowledge of theoretical bases of translation for transfer the communicative function of the original, as knowledge of theoretical bases of translation and extralinguistic realities are necessary conditions of translation. Suppliers and producers of production do everything possible to attract as much as possible consumers. For this purpose advertizing appears on screens of our television, by radio, also it appears in the form of advertizing brochures, texts and slogans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Peculiarities of Translation of the Advertising Text or any similar topic only for you Order Now Quite often advertizing brochures of this or that production or service go in original language, and proceeding from it it is possible to speak about relevance of creation of more or less uniform strategy and the concept of translation of the such text. When translating advertizing brochures on other languages it is necessary to consider ethical, psychological and personal characteristics of audience and the consumer, specifics and culture of the country for which this brochure is intended. For many practicians of advertizing activity the text of a foreign language serves only as means for understanding of idea of an advertized product, the text of the brochure is often written anew in language of the country of the consumer taking into account its national specifics. When exact transfer is represented for some reason or other undesirable, the translator uses approximate phrases on sense which surely have to consider traditional ethnic, national and social features, stereotypes of behavior of concrete audience on which production designated in the advertizing brochure is directed. The purpose of the real work – to designate the main strategy and receptions of translation of English-language advertizing texts into Russian. According to a research objective performance of the following tasks is supposed: 1) To give definitions to concepts the text and a discourse 2) To give definitions to concept the advertizing text 3) To consider classification of the advertizing text 4) To define features of translation of advertizing texts 5) To carry out the comparative comparative analysis of advertizing texts in English and Russian languages As object of research texts of English-speaking advertizing served. The choice as a material of texts of English advertizing is caused by that huge role which English-speaking media play texts in world information space. Research method – comparative, that is English and Russian advertizing texts are compared, compared. On the structure work consists of the introduction, two theoretical heads and one research, and also the conclusions, the list of sources and the appendix with characteristic examples of advertizing texts. How to cite The Peculiarities of Translation of the Advertising Text, Papers

What Are Permalinks in WordPress How to Set Them and Why

TL;DR: Permalinks in WordPress = permanent links. Those are the permanent URLs of the  blog posts and pages on your WordPress site. For example, the permalink of this very blog post that youre reading right now is: https://themeisle.com/blog/permalinks-in-wordpress/Permalinks are also among the key parameters of any WordPress blog, and something that you should set right away after  you launch your shiny new website.Heres why:Why permalinks in WordPress are importantBasically, its through permalinks that the world identifies the individual pieces of content on your WordPress blog as grand as it might sound.For instance:If another blogger wants to link to your content, they point to one of your permalinks.If you want to share your content on social media, you share the permalink.If Google wants to index a piece of your content, they use the permalink.If you want to show your content to a friend, by mentioning it in an email for example, then you give them the permalink.I might be missing some important uses, but you get the gist.The problem with permalinks in WordPressThe main problem with permalinks in WordPress, as great as they are, is that the default permalink setting the one that WordPress comes preinstalled with isnt optimized at all.If you go to your wp-admin / Settings / Permalinks right after installing WordPress, youll see this:The default permalink structure therefore is:http://www.YOURSITE.com/?p=123where 123 is the ID of a given post or page in the database.Why is this bad?The chief reason is that a structure like that gives you no possibility to optimize the permalink for neither human beings nor Google (not good for your SEO).Heres why:Say you publish a piece of content on, Why Jamon Iberico Is the Greatest Ham in the World. If your permalink is:http://www.YOURSITE.com/why-jamon-iberico-is-the-greatest-ham then youre basically giving everyone a hint as to what this piece of content is about. This goes for both Google and human beings. Eve ry person, algorithm, and bot can decode that information.http://www.YOURSITE.com/?p=27 then no one knows anything. As simple as that.How to set permalinks in WordPressOkay, luckily, this is very simple. But the task  is two-fold:You need to set the permalink structure right after you launch a new WordPress site.You should set the permalinks for every piece  of content individually.In that scenario, #1 will give your site the right structure to work with for the future. And with #2 you can fine-tune the individual permalinks of all your posts and pages.Lets explain both of those quickly:1. How to set the permalink structure in WordPressTo set your permalink structure, go to your wp-admin / Settings / Permalinks. Once there, select this option:Just to make sure were on the same page, its the one labeled Post name.Now, why this one?Quite simply, it holds the least amount of unneeded clutter There are no seemingly random numbers, no dates, no arbitrary words (like archives). There s just the post name that you can control 100% (more on that in the next point).Note. Why you dont want dates in your permalinks?  The main reason is  because  dates discourage your visitors from reading  your older content. Any date thats older than  last week (or so) looks like out-of-date information, despite the fact that it might still be very valid, or might even be evergreen.After you select that new permalink structure (Post name), just click Save Changes at the bottom of the settings page:2. How to set the  individual permalinks for posts/pagesOnce you have the overall permalink structure set, you can proceed to tweaking your individual posts and pages.This can be done through each individual posts or pages editing screen.  When youre editing content, youll see this little area directly below the title field:You can click on the Edit button and adjust that permalink.  A box will appear, and you can put pretty much whatever you wish there:The standard, though , is to either use the given posts whole title or some simplified version of it. For example, this posts title is, What Are Permalinks in WordPress? How to Set Them and Why, but the permalink part is just, permalinks-in-wordpress, just like you can see above.Note. Try not to update the permalink structure once you publish your post or page. One of the main ideas behind permalinks is that they are permanent, hence the name. Changing those links later on makes finding your content more difficult for people as well as search engines.Thats pretty much all there is to permalinks in WordPress. The good thing is that point #1 you have to do only once after first launching your site. And from there, WordPress is quite good at proposing optimized permalinks for your posts and pages on its own, so #2 becomes easy too. When working on new content, you just need to have a look if WordPress version of the permalink makes sense, and then tweak it slightly in case of any issues.Setting the right p ermalink structure is one of 10  things that you should do after launching any WordPress site. We talked about the other 9  in one of our  previous posts. Check it out here.Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

Admiral Raymond Spruance in World War II

Admiral Raymond Spruance in World War II Raymond Spruance - Early Life Career: The son of Alexander and Annie Spruance, Raymond A. Spruance was born at Baltimore, MD on July 3, 1886. Raised in Indianapolis, IN, he attended school locally and graduated from Shortridge High School. After further schooling at the Stevens Preparatory School in New Jersey, Spruance applied to and was accepted by the US Naval Academy in 1903. Graduating from Annapolis three years later, he served two years at sea before receiving his commission as an ensign on September 13, 1908. During this period, Spruance served aboard USS Minnesota during the cruise of the Great White Fleet. Arriving back in the United States, he underwent additional training in electrical engineering at General Electric before being posted to USS Connecticut in May 1910. Following a stint aboard USS Cincinnati, Spruance was made commander of the destroyer USS Bainbridge in March 1913 with the rank of lieutenant (junior grade). In May 1914, Spruance received a posting as Assistant to the Inspector of Machinery at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. Two years later, he aided in the fitting out of USS Pennsylvania, then under construction in the yard. With the battleships completion, Spruance joined its crew and remained aboard until November 1917. With World War I raging, he became Assistant Engineer Officer of the New York Navy Yard. In this position, he traveled to London and Edinburgh. With the end of the war, Spruance aided in returning American troops home before moving through a succession of engineering postings and destroyer commands. Having attained the rank of commander, Spruance attended the Senior Course at the Naval War College in July 1926. Finishing the course, he completed a tour in the Office of Naval Intelligence before being posted to USS Mississippi in October 1929 as executive officer. Raymond Spruance - War Approaches: In June 1931, Spruance returned to Newport, RI to serve on the staff of the Naval War College. Promoted to captain the following year, he departed to take the position of Chief of Staff and Aide to Commander Destroyers, Scouting Fleet in May 1933. Two years later, Spruance again received orders for the Naval War College and taught on the staff until April 1938. Leaving, he assumed command of USS Mississippi. Commanding the battleship for nearly two years, Spruance was aboard when World War II began in Europe. Having been promoted to rear admiral in December 1939, he was directed to assume command of the Tenth Naval District (San Juan, PR) in February 1940. In July 1941, his responsibilities were expanded to include oversight of the Caribbean Sea Frontier. After working to defend neutral American shipping from German U-boats, Spruance received orders to take over Cruiser Division Five in September 1941. Traveling to the Pacific, he was in this post when the Japanese attacked Pearl Har bor on December 7 forcing the US to enter the war. Raymond Spruance - Triumph at Midway: In the opening weeks of the conflict, Spruances cruisers served under Vice Admiral William Bull Halsey and took part in raids against the Gilbert and Marshall Islands before striking Wake Island. These attacks were followed by a raid against Marcus Island. In May 1942, intelligence suggested that the Japanese were planning on assaulting Midway Island. Critical for the defense of Hawaii, the commander of the US Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, intended to dispatch Halsey to block the enemy thrust. Falling ill with shingles, Halsey recommended that Spruance lead Task Force 16, centered on the carriers USS Enterprise and USS Hornet, in his stead. Though Spruance had not led a carrier force in the past, Nimitz agreed as the rear admiral would be aided by Halseys staff, including the gifted Captain Miles Browning. Moving into position near Midway, Spruances force was later joined by Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletchers TF 17 which included the carrier USS Yorktown. On June 4, Spruance and Fletcher engaged four Japanese carriers at the Battle of Midway. Locating the Japanese carriers as they were rearming and refueling their aircraft, American bombers inflicted massive damage and sank three. Though the fourth, Hiryu, managed to launch bombers which caused critical damage to Yorktown, it too was sunk when American aircraft returned later in the day. A decisive victory, Spruance and Fletchers actions at Midway helped turn the tide of the Pacific war in favor of the Allies. For his actions, Spruance received the Distinguished Service Medal and, later that month, Nimitz named him as his Chief of Staff and Aide. This was followed by a promotion to Deputy Commander in Chief, US Pacific Fleet in September. Raymond Spruance - Island Hopping: In August 1943, Spruance, now a vice admiral, returned to sea as Commander Central Pacific Force. Overseeing the Battle of Tarawa in November 1943, he guided Allied forces as they advanced through the Gilbert Islands. This was followed by an assault on Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands on January 31, 1944. Successfully concluding operations, Spruance was promoted to admiral in February. That same month, he directed Operation Hailstone which saw American carrier aircraft repeatedly strike the Japanese base at Truk. During the attacks, the Japanese lost twelve warships, thirty-two merchant ships, and 249 aircraft. In April, Nimitz divided command of the Central Pacific Force between Spruance and Halsey. While one was at sea, the other would be planning their next operation. As part of this reorganization, the force became known as the Fifth Fleet when Spruance was in charge and the Third Fleet when Halsey was in command. The two admirals presented a contrast in styles as Spruance tended to be quiet and meticulous while Halsey was brash and more impetuous. Moving forward in mid-1944, Spruance embarked on a campaign in the Marianas Islands. Landing troops on Saipan on June 15, he defeated Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa at the Battle of the Philippine Sea a few days later. In the fighting, the Japanese lost three carriers and around 600 aircraft. The defeat effectively destroyed the Japanese Navys air arm. Following the campaign, Spruance turned the fleet over to Halsey and began planning operations to capture Iwo Jima. As his staff worked, Halsey used the fleet to win the Battle of Leyte Gulf. In January 1945, Spruance resumed command of the fleet and began moving against Iwo Jima. On February 19, American forces landed and opened the Battle of Iwo Jima. Mounting a tenacious defense, the Japanese held out for over a month. With the islands fall, Spruance immediately moved forward with Operation Iceberg. This saw Allied forces move against Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands. Close to Japan, Allied planners intended to use Okinawa as a springboard for the eventual invasion of the Home Islands. On April 1, Spruance began the Battle of Okinawa. Maintaining a position offshore, the Fifth Fleets ships were subjected to relentless kamikaze attacks by Japanese aircraft. As Allied forces battled on the island, Spruances ships defeated Operation Ten-Go on April 7 which saw the Japanese battleship Yamato attempt to break through to the island. With Okinawas fall in June, Spruance rotated back to Pearl Harbor to begin planning the invasion of Japan. Raymond Spruance - Postwar: These plans proved moot when the war came to an abrupt end in early August with the use of the atom bomb. For his actions at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, Spruance was awarded the Navy Cross. On November 24, Spruance relieved Nimitz as Commander, US Pacific Fleet. He remained in the position only briefly as he accepted a posting as President of the Naval War College on February 1, 1946. Returning to Newport, Spruance remained at the college until retiring from the US Navy on July 1, 1948. Four years later, President Harry S. Truman appointed him as Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines. Serving in Manila, Spruance remained abroad until resigning his post in 1955. Retiring to Pebble Beach, CA, he died there on December 13, 1969. After his funeral, he was buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery near the grave of his wartime commander, Nimitz. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Raymond Spruance - Modest Victor of Midway California Military Museum: Raymond Spruance

When to Punctuate Titles in Italics or Quotes

When to Punctuate Titles in Italics or Quotes You may have wondered in the middle of typing up a research project: do I italicize  a song title? What about a painting?​ Even the most experienced writers have a problem remembering the proper punctuation for certain types of titles. Books are italicized (or underlined) and articles are put in quotation marks. Thats about as far as many people can remember.​ There is a trick to remembering how to treat titles, and it works well enough that you can commit most types of titles to memory. Its the big and little trick. Big things and things that can stand on their own, like books, are italicized. Little things that are dependent or that come as part of a group, like chapters, are put into quotation marks. For example, you can think of a CD or an album as a major (big) work that can be divided into smaller parts, or songs. The individual song names (small part) are punctuated with quotation marks. For example: The Sweet Escape, by Gwen Stefani, includes the song Wind It Up. While this is not a perfect rule, it can be helpful for determining whether to italicize or surround in quotation marks when you have no resources at hand. Furthermore, you should italicize or underline any published collection, like a book of poetry. Put the individual entry, like a poem, in quotation marks. However: a long, epic poem that is often published on its own would be treated like a book. The Odyssey is one example. Punctuating Titles of Works of Art Creating a work of art is an enormous task, isnt it? For that reason, you can think of art as a big accomplishment. Okay, that might sound corny, but it will help you remember! Individual works of art like paintings and sculptures are underlined or italicized: Michelangelos DavidMona LisaThe Last SupperThe Pieta Note: A photograph, although not less significant or important, is often much smaller than a work of created art, and is placed in quotation marks. Following are guidelines for punctuating titles according to Modern Language Association (MLA) standards. Titles and Names to Italicize A novelA shipA playA filmA paintingA sculpture or statueA drawingA CDA TV SeriesA cartoon seriesAn encyclopediaA magazineA newspaperA pamphlet Titles to Put Into Quotation Marks PoemShort storyA skitA commercialAn individual episode in a TV series (like The Soup Nazi on Seinfeld)A cartoon episode, like Trouble With DogsA chapterAn articleA newspaper story More Tips on Punctuating Titles Some titles are merely capitalized and not given additional punctuation. These include: Religious works, like The Bible or The KoranBuildingsMonuments