Types Of Non Fictional Writing - 920 Words

Genre, a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Genre is the very basis of all literature. A specified category of genre is non-fiction. Non-fiction is type of writing that employs the literary techniques usually associated with fiction or poetry to report on persons, places, and events in the real world. Non-fiction is used in so many ways. It is based on cold hard facts, truth. Non-fictional writers have used this style to create amazing stories of wars, countries once great and powerful, and people who inspired the world. Alexander the Great to JFK, everyone has a story. Non-fiction is used in movies, books, songs, poetry, and pictures. Some of the†¦show more content†¦Next is Persuasive Writing. With persuasive writing, the writer takes a position on an issue and argues for his or her side or against an opposing side. The writer will use facts and information to support his or her own argument while trying to influence his readers’ opinions. . Lastly, there is Descriptive Writing. Descriptive nonfiction employs all five senses to help the reader get a visual of what the writer is trying to describe. A sub-genre, is a genre is a more descriptive version of genre. It takes a look at a specific style if non fictional writing. There are very many sub-genres of non-fictional writing. Some main examples are an almanac, Autobiography, Biography, Blueprint, letters, diagram, school books, speech, user manual, diary, encyclopedia, news article, book report, documentary, map, travelogue, blog, report, and an essay. All have to do with real accounts, and/or something that is true. Sub-genre Biographies are an important aspect in non-fiction writing. Some of the most influential knowledge we have comes from a biography. A biography is a sub-genre of non-fiction, and it is an account of someone’s life written by someone else. Biographies have led to some of the most significant historical discoveries to this day. Biographies of Plato, Aristotle, and all the great philosophers who could not share their information have changed the world because of biographies and stories written by

A Performance Constraints of Thai Economy Free Essays

It may be useful to put the discussion of performance constraints of the Thai economy briefly in perspective. Over the past 2 decades, the Thai economy has been one of the best performing economies in the world, characterized by sustained high growth rates, averaging 10. 3% 1985-90, and 8% in the years prior to the crisis (1990-96). We will write a custom essay sample on A Performance Constraints of Thai Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This growth was accompanied by a dramatic decline in the incidence of absolute poverty, from 57% in 1962 to 14% in 1992, with per capita income increasing from $700 per annum in the late 1960s, to $2,700 in 1996. At the same time, rapid growth was accompanied by environmental degradation, resource depletion, and an increasingly unequal distribution of income and wealth. However, on balance a remarkable record of development. During this period of rapid growth and economic transformation, Thailand became increasingly integrated into the world economy through trade and investment flows, and production linkages. As the economy expanded rapidly and became more complex in structure, it posed more and new types of strains and challenges to economic management or â€Å"governance† systems at both the macro (i. . public policy) and micro (enterprise) levels. As the relative role of the private sector increased in the economy, the importance of enterprise management and performance correspondingly increased. Looking more deeply at Thailand†s performance, manufactured exports grew by about 23% per year between 1980 and 1995, almost doubling during 1992-1995. However, in 1996 export growth fell practically to 0 per cent, with labor-intensive exports usually identified as the main culprit. Certain factors are generally cited as responsible for this abrupt and dramatic decline: External factors cited included the emergence of new competitors, with the coming on stream of new production facilities in lower income/lower wage countries such as China, Indochina, Philippines, further complicated by the30% devaluation of the Chinese yen in 1994;  · Domestic factors cited generally relate to rising wage rates and overvalued exchange rates. Domestic wage rates during 1991-95 rose about 11%, on average or about 5% increase in real wages per year, cited as the key factor in the slowdown in growth of labor intensive exports. The real effective exchange rate of the baht is estimated to have appreciated by about 15% during 1995-97, primarily because of the linkage to the US$, which appreciated against the yen. While the above factors suggest that Thailand was losing its edge in low cost, labor intensive exports, these are at best partial explanations for the overall decline in export performance. The impact of rising wages should not have come this suddenly and pervasively, given that wages were rising for some time, with no significant impact on xport performance. For example, textiles, gems and jewelry, which are not particularly labor intensive declined significantly in the 1996 crunch, as did many technology intensive products. 5 Similarly, the timing and size of the real exchange rate appreciation is not sufficient to explain the sudden, dramatic drop in export performance. If the â€Å"usual suspects† are not sufficient to explain the export slowdown, then could this be primarily a â€Å"cyclical† downturn, e. g. the result of short-term, mainly external, adverse factors? There is some support for this being a factor. There was a global slowdown in world trade in 1996, with the growth rate of world manufactured exports dropping from 8. 6% p. a. during 1990-95, to 2. 1% in 1996 6 . All countries in Asia were hit, with Korea and Thailand the worst affected. If the basic problem of export performance could be seen as cyclical, then in terms of the main focus of this paper, the management of the economic crisis perhaps can indeed focus on the financial sector. That is, the â€Å"real sector† will realign itself, as the financial crisis begins to be resolved, and the â€Å"cycles† will at some point, begin their upswing though the global economic outlook looks less than optimistic at this time. Although cyclical demand factors seem to be relevant, they are only partly helpful in understanding the performance of the Thai (real) economy prior to the crisis. There seems to be more to the story. For example, industry-specific factors may have also been at work: a rapid rise in US sourcing of garments from Western Hemisphere producers such as Mexico, Honduras, and El Salvador, led to a relative loss of US market share by Asian exporters, including Thailand, among others. It is not clear whether this shift in sourcing is a â€Å"cyclical† factor, or a â€Å"structural† shift in the basis of competitive advantage (e. g. relating to NAFTA; relating to the increasing role of time or order cycle as a competitive actor, an issue touched on in section III). A fundamental question that emerges from the perspective of the present economic crisis relates to the performance of the corporate sector prior to the crisis, a performance which was then further aggravated by the financial devastation of corporates by the crisis. In particular, were there clear signs of deterioration in performance, especially at the micro (enterprise) level prior to mid-1997, masked by rapid (export) growth? If yes, then resolving the present crisis in terms of restoring the Thai economy†s performance is likely to require a focus on the â€Å"real sector† simultaneously with addressing the problems of the financial sector. This is likely to be especially important for Thailand†s economic renewal and sustainable growth, given expectations of a global economic environment over the medium term characterized by slow growth and increasing competition for both markets and capital. How to cite A Performance Constraints of Thai Economy, Essay examples

Australian Society In Global Context Ethnicity and Race

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Society In Global Contextfor Ethnicity and Race. Answer: Australian Society in Global Context The literature by Shanthi Robertson is based on how ethnic and cultural identities have been long produced in Australia and how Migrant workers are the new profiling. This analysis by Robertson shows that the migration status acts as an invisible, temporary marker in showing difference in status more than ethnicity and race. The literature supports his position using the Korean women as the representatives of the formation on how migrants are reimaging and restructuring urban life. The author visits the Korean women and collected information from his opinion and what he saw. The advantages of this method is that it is firsthand information, and the author is able to form an opinion based on what is on the ground. The author also uses migrant students and tourist migrants, through interview as a method for collection of information. Interviews are advantageous because they give detailed information, in regards to personal perceptions, feelings and emotions. The research specifically looks at immigration and transformation patterns in Australia. The given evidence is strong but inconclusive. In the research method, too much focus is given on the Korean women and not different sets of immigrants. The evidence is only focused on how the Korean women create certain patterns in the city but give less evidence on how different immigrants are profiled. A key assumption made in the research is that migration status acts as an invisible, temporary marker in showing difference in status more than ethnicity and race. This is true because the status and the temporalities of such student and tourist workers is sometimes read by local workers as being transgressive. Their activities hold an ambiguous place in the cosmopolitan. Their leisure activities and their late- night services are essential in the activities of the cosmopolitan. Despite the ambiguity, their practices bring a disruptive difference to the cosmopolitan. These differences come into tension with the local versions of cosmopolitanism. The article focuses on the emerging labor mobilities. The literature analyses how the experiences of these immigrants reveal complex hierarchies in regards to identity and labor contestations within cosmopolitan sites. Robertson seems to give focus to time as a factor in immigration (Robertson 2016 p.42-45). The article also triggers the ques tion as to the continued boundary making process and cosmopolitanism. We further see the profiling based on immigration status through how the presence and experiences of these immigrants in the city are part of what has led to transformation of in how citizenship and immigration is governed. Consequently this has led to emphasis on temporary and transient migration forms in contrast with the post-war permanent-family migration programs. The profiling based on immigration shows that temporal migrants have already exceeded the permanent immigrants. Some visa schemes have categorized certain workers as temporary skilled workers, such as the 457 visa. Such categories are associated with tourist and student mobilities as opposed to laborers. The International Labor Office (IL0) temporary migration is more related to the labor market as opposed to permanent migration (Martin 2014 p. 87). This is an opposing view as we see visa arrangements are more concerned with worker movement and permanence as opposed to the labor market. Therefore, ILO research shows th at the participation of temporary migration is greater compared to the participation of permanent setters (Martin 2014 p.87). Also, temporary work migration, is based more on demand and sponsors mostly nominate temporary positions. There is also a minimum wage to be paid to such temporary workers, and their migration is much more related to skill. The contributions of these migrant as workers, are hidden in Robertsons view. There are also illegal and semi-compliant immigrants who may include those working outside their visas or have overstayed. Another major clam by the author is that there is the production of cultural profiling. We see cultural profiling in the study carried out in Melbourne, which is Australias largest Ethnicities is used in the study. The profiling occurs to temporalities and how they live. Student-workers and tourist workers have a great impact in social relationships in Australia and re-shaping the city. Major focus is given to how the temporalities operates with the different forms of living. There is particular focus on how these sets of immigrants differ from local urban residents and how they engage in the labor market. How these immigrants need to perform so as to remain in operation in these labor markets is also explored. This work looks at time as a factor which determines how migration is defined (as a social experience) and governed. There is also a focus on how new subjects in the Australian economies include tourist- workers and student-workers (Robertson 2016, p. 42). Also we see profiling on immigrants because the city is the place where there is intersection of immigration and culture, the hence emergence of new social categories. These social categories transform the understanding of cities in regards to the history of immigration. Cosmopolitan city in the article is used to refer to the change processes. One of the assertions in the literature is that the temporary legal status and mobilities of immigrants shapes the labor economies of the urban areas. The status of such migrants are also different in terms of impact with those of permanent settlers. Such impacts differ in terms of the price of housing or how residential are formed. Specific consumption patterns and desires shapes how certain business grow. Accordingly, certain sites in the urban areas become places of great importance to some immigrants due to political agency in terms of the law and protection of the rights of the immigrants. Research also shows that temporary workers embody certain relationships thus leading to transformation within a certain space (Khonje 2015 p. 128). As a consequence of cultural profiling, tourists and student workers have experienced barriers in their employment. Tourists and student workers could not be hired without student visas. Competence, racism and language barriers were among other barriers experienced by immigrants in Australia. Temporariness occupies a place of ambiguity in the labor market, although it is placed within a desirable place by the state due to its expandability (Toro-Morn 2013 p, 68). Temporary employees are beneficial to employers because of their exploitability as opposed to skills. Use of workers with temporary 457 visa is widely debated because the employees are at risk of exploitation while on the other hand Australia lacks sufficient domestic workers within a specified timeframe. Consequently, only casual labor is available to tourist and student workers. Such jobs include night-shift and weekend jobs. Another consequence is the disadvantage due to such profiling. In the literature we see that tourist and student workers are often placed in certain temporal zones and they are segregated from permanent residents in the urban areas. The night shifts and the study sessions for students always leave them out of sync with the urban life. The migrants need to keep in touch with family and friends overseas, thus they have to stay up late chatting or keeping in touch with the relatives. The different schedules mean that the migrants and the locals conduct leisure and work at different times. This creates spatial distance thus making the student and tourist workers feel out of place. This is particularly true because, isolation and profiling is possible because, people of different social classes are in different places (Kuptisch 2014 p.157). The work by Robertson is a good piece because it attempts to explain a new type of discrimination with the rise of temporary immigrant workers in Australia. However, the author fails to widely give an insight on the benefits if such workers to the Australian economy. Due to global demand for resources, Australia is predicted to move to a boom of resources. Therefore, with such demand, there is expected expansion which will drive major projects on infrastructure. Such projects will require skilled labor and workers. Australia is already facing shortage of workers in the construction and mining projects. The mismatches in the demand and supply of labor is further faced by challenges due to the challenge of the ageing workforce. Similarly, the author does not adequately discuss the possible benefits of such employment to business and perhaps how such employment impact the life experiences of the 457 workers (Pickering 2014 p.12). It is a truism to assert that in the contemporary world, globalization has enabled the free flow of goods and services. However, labor movement remains contested. Advanced economies are in constant need of labors to fill unskilled and skilled positions. Admitting temporary skilled labor is unquestioned because they are valued by states in the competition for labor. On the other hand, temporary unskilled labor is greeted with ambivalence because they perform low status jobs. The presence of such unskilled labor arouses fears for loss of jobs by the locals and decline of conditions and wages. Australia has a policy shift towards temporary migration to attract skilled labor. This reflects on the fact that temporary migration could be better suited in many ways to compete for skilled workers globally. Moreover, we see that most of the 457 employees decide to stay in Australia eventually. This can be part of migrants deliberate strategy so as to stay permanently. The advantages of temporary migration is that there is no fee for training and when a contract comes to an end, those who are not needed can go back to their place of origin . Conclusion Literature on temporary skilled labor in Australia has majorly focused on transition to residence and labor market integration. Less attention has been given to the working conditions on migrants especially on arrival (Pine, 2014 p100). Due to complex Australian laws, it is hard to understand how regulations on employment maps into migrant workers categories. Labor regulation system is complex in that it inhibits complains even from the resident workers. Accordingly, there are additional complications because of the different entitlements due to employment status. Therefore, issues on transition to residence, working conditions and possible profiling should be well researched and dressed. ILO principles acknowledge the entitlements of non-citizens. The international gap which is identified by the ILO should be enforced by national migration governance which are state-based, leaving temporary migrants vulnerable. The practices and authorities ought to be sensitive regarding transition al lives of the migrant communities, and the changing migrant patterns in relation to labor. References Berg, L., 2015. Migrant Rights at Work: Law's Precariousness at the Intersection of Immigration and Labour. Routledge. Duval, D.T. ed., 2014. Tourism in the Caribbean: trends, development, prospects. Routledge. GRANDE-BRETAGNE. (2015). The economic impact of immigration: 1st report of session 2007-08 : ordered to be printed 18 march 2008 and published 1 april 2008. London, Stationery Office. KHONJE, W. H. (2015). Migration and development: perspectives from small states. KUPTSCH, C., PANG, E. F. (2014). Competing for global talent. Geneva [u.a.], Internat. Inst. for Labour Studies [u.a.]. Martin, P.L., 2014. Competing for global talent: The US experience. Competing for global talent, p.87. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2013. International mobility of the highly skilled. OECD Publishing. Pickering, S. and Ham, J., 2014. The Routledge handbook on crime and international migration. Routledge. Pine, F., 2014. Migration as hope: space, time, and imagining the future. Current Anthropology, 55(S9), pp.S95-S104. Robertson, S., 2016. Student-workers and tourist-workers as urban labour: temporalities and identities in the Australian cosmopolitan city. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(14), pp.2272-2288. Toro-Morn, M.I. and Alicea, M. eds., 2013. Migration and immigration: a global view. Greenwood Publishing Group. Yniguez, B., Ivy, N., Janis, N. and Earnest, N., Alumni US. University of California, Berkeley, 1993, p.2020.